Major banks
In 2020, COVID-19 severely impacted both the global and Cambodia economies. The banking system in Cambodia is also affected but at a moderate and manageable level.1 The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), Cambodia Microfinance Association, and other relevant institutions pointed out the rate of the
Public land lease
Public land leases are grants of state lands to private entities in the form of a contractual rental agreement. These leases often take the form of land concessions, in particular economic land concessions. They are often associated with land conflicts and disputes.
Development policies and administration
Products from Vietnam arrive at the Phnom Penh Autonomous Port in Kandal province. Photo by World Bank Photo Collection, taken on 23 February 2013. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0The Comprehensive Cambodian Peace Agreement, commonly referred to as the Paris Agreement, is seen as the beginning
Taxation
Heavy trucks on a street in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Photo by Phalinn Ool, taken on June 15 2015. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0The Cambodian government’s 2014–18 Revenue Mobilization Strategy aimed to enhance revenue administration and strongly increase the collection of taxes and other revenue. The
Oil transport
Despite having both onshore and offshore oil discoveries in the country, Cambodia does not produce oil and has been importing petroleum products from Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. The Cambodia Trucking Association (CAMTA) says it controls around 70% of the Kingdom’s transportation.
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) was established in 1966 which headquarter is in Manila and currently has 68 members under its institution. The ADB aims to assist members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance, grants, and investments to promote socio-economic development.76 The ADB has
Pollution and waste
The rapid economic and population growth in Cambodia is leading to significant environmental pollution. The economic development activities have generated major environmental consequences, including air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and solid wastes.
Land
Aerial view of Cambodia paddy rice field. Photo by Sai Kwong, taken on 23 October 2010. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.Land lies at the center of debates about Cambodia’s socioeconomic development. For farmers in the fertile lowlands, private land ownership rights have enabled recovery of
Energy policy and administration
Electricite du Cambodge (EdC). Photo by bmeabroad, taken on 10 November 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Low electrification rates and over-dependence on fossil fuel imports have contributed to Cambodia ranking 120 out of 124 nations in the new World Economic Forum’s Global Energy Architecture Performance Index
Cassava
Cassava is a significant contributor to the agricultural sector in Cambodia. The planting, harvesting, processing and export of cassava provides jobs and livelihoods for thousands of Cambodians. Cassava is a significant cash crop for Cambodian farmers.246 Cassava production in Cambodia has increased substantially since 2006.
Agricultural policy and administration
Agriculture in Cambodia accounts for approximately 56% of the labour force. The size of the sector means that policies developed here have a significant impact on the whole country. Agricultural policy and administration is managed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). There
Constitution and rights
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia was officially promulgated by Royal Kram on 24 September 1993. Image designed by Open Development Cambodia (ODC), 10 September 2021. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.The 1993 Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia is the supreme law of the
Energy for transport
In Cambodia, petroleum is traditionally the main source of energy for transportation. The petroleum fuels used for transportation include gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel and fuel oil.
Energy
Cambodia has undergone rapid economic development in recent decades, with GDP per capita tripled between 1999 and 2013. However, mainly due to three decades of war and political turmoil which severely damaged the country’s infrastructure, the country still lacks the means required for energy sector
National Bank of Cambodia
The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) was established through the Law on the organization and conduct of the National Bank of Cambodia in 1996.326 NBC is the nation’s central bank, whose mission is to determine and direct the monetary policy in order to maintain price
Investment policy and regulations
Cambodia’s economy has experienced an impressive performance, reflected in its rapid economic growth and significant poverty reduction. Part of this is the result of the relative openness of Cambodia towards foreign investors. Domestic investment has also been growing, although at a lower rate than other
Land tenure and land titling funding
World Bank Headquarters, 2013: World Bank/IMF Spring Meetings. Photo by Simone D. McCourte, World Bank, taken on 16 April 2013. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Funding data on development and assistance to land tenure and titling issues presents an incomplete and conflicting picture. Though various sources exist
United States aid
The United States of America (the US) is one of the biggest donors to Cambodia.434 435 The history of cooperation and relations between the two countries can be traced back to the early 1950s after Cambodia received full independence from France. In 1955, the first
Provincial and local governments
Patients are registered during the outreach screening at Vien Health Center. Photo by Community Eye Health, taken in 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0The Kingdom of Cambodia is an indivisible state. The country’s administration at all levels and in all sectors falls under the same
Iron and steel
Although Cambodia is believed to have iron ore resources and a number of exploration licenses have been granted, no significant finds have been reported. There is no commercial mining of iron ore in the country. While ambitious plans for mining and steel plants have been
