Together, fighting climate change. Photo by 350.org, taken on 12 October 2010. licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Clean Development MechanismThe Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), defined in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol to lass='cambodia-color'>...

Sustainable Development Goal 6 has 8 targets and 11 indicators, which will be used to drive action towards achieving universal access to safely managed water and sanitation and appropriate management of water resources.15 SDG 6 recognizes that sustainably managing water goes beyond providing a safe water lass='cambodia-color'>...

Despite having both onshore and offshore oil discoveries in the country, Cambodia does not produce oil and has been importing petroleum products from Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. The Cambodia Trucking Association (CAMTA) says it controls around 70% of the Kingdom’s transportation. lass='cambodia-color'>...

Though there are multiple forms of communal property, the rights associated with indigenous communal property are subject to significant legal and socio-economic issues. Indigenous communities are culturally very different from the rest of Cambodia, and the law provides them with the opportunity to obtain collective lass='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia flood, 2011. Photo by European Commission, taken on 11 October 2011. licensed under CC BY 2.0Storms, flooding and lightning strikes are the major causes of death and property damage from natural disasters in Cambodia, while drought causes severe hardship, especially for farmers. In a lass='cambodia-color'>...

Aerial view of Cambodia paddy rice field. Photo by Sai Kwong, taken on 23 October 2010. licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.land lies at the center of debates about Cambodia’s socioeconomic development. For farmers in the fertile lowlands, private land ownership rights have enabled recovery of lass='cambodia-color'>...

The Royal Government of Cambodia has continued its effort to reform the education sector at all levels. Over the years, policies and regulations have been enforced to improve education quality, accessibility, efficiency, effectiveness, inclusiveness, and transparency. Those policies and regulations include Education Strategic Plan 2019-2023, lass='cambodia-color'>...

Ministry of Women’s Affairs. Photo taken from the Ministry’s Facebook Page, taken on 17 September 2016.EstablishmentUnder Royal Decree No. NS/RKM/0197/22, the Ministry of Women’s Affairs was formally established on 24 January 1996. The Ministry became the Ministry of Women and Veteran’s Affairs under the Royal lass='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodian fish farmer checking on fish quality. Photo by U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), taken on 16 October 2012. licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Cambodia’s inland capture fisheries are among the largest in the world. The fishing industry encompasses subsistence, commercial and recreational fishing, as lass='cambodia-color'>...

Farmers harvest corn from their farms, Cambodia. Photo by World Bank/Chhor Sokunthea, taken on 17 July 2013. licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Key agricultural commodities and products include rice, rubber, corn (maize), vegetables and fruit, and cassava (tapioca). More than 90 percent of Cambodia’s agricultural exports lass='cambodia-color'>...

Students gathering around 3D printed models at a construction expo in Phnom Penh. Photo by ARC Hub PNH, taken in December 2014. Used with permission from ARC Hub PNH.Cambodia has achieved considerable economic and social progress in the last few decades, but the country does lass='cambodia-color'>...

The protection of Cambodian forests is primarily the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Fisheries (MAFF) and the Ministry of Environment. There are, however, many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the area, from United Nations (UN) agencies and other global bodies to locally-registered lass='cambodia-color'>...

Forest view. Photo by Open Development Cambodia, taken on 05 December 2021. Under license CC BY-SA 4.0.Cambodia is covered with forest, accounting for around 13.1 million hectares in 1973, and it is had fallen to 8.7 million hectares in 2014.464 However, based on the Ministry lass='cambodia-color'>...

Trash collection in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Photo taken by David Villa, taken on 12 January 2008. licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED.Solid waste is defined as “used things, materials, or products that remain or are generated from human daily activities and livelihood and do lass='cambodia-color'>...

Many varieties of gemstone are found in Cambodia, with rubies and sapphires being the most valuable. Diamonds and emeralds are not found here. There is no large-scale commercial mining of gems. Stones are recovered by individuals or small family or community groups. lass='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia has the ambition to transform and digitalize the government system and its economy. The overarching determination comes after the country’s ambitious economic goal of 2050, the readiness to keep up with the region’s science and technology development, and the global megatrend, the fourth industrial lass='cambodia-color'>...

Rights to private land ownership were guaranteed in the 1993 Constitution and formally established by the 2001 land law. Despite an established legal framework to protect private property rights, those rights are often insecure for many. lass='cambodia-color'>...

Bird eye view of a local market in Phnom Penh. Photo by Roberto Trombetta, taken on 8 May 2015. Photo licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 GenericThe development and administration of Cambodia’s urban areas has struggled to keep pace with urban population growth. For example, lass='cambodia-color'>...

One of the key goals of the 2030 Agenda is to “decouple economic growth from resource use and environmental degradation”.683 Sustainable consumption and production involves promotion of resource and energy efficiency as well as reduction of economic, social and environmental costs. These are intended to lass='cambodia-color'>...