Securities exchange (stock market)
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/CSX-building-150x150.jpg)
Starting from 2001, work began on promoting the formation of a Cambodian Stock Exchange (CSE or CSX) as a means of supporting the economic system in Cambodia’s development. A stock exchange facilitates the buying and selling of stocks among investors. Dr. Bit Seanglim, Chairman of ...
Foreign investors
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Phnom-Penh-on-the-top_05-January-2021-150x150.jpg)
Things you should know about Cambodia before investingCambodia has performed well on foreign direct investment (FDI) so far, three times better than predicted, which scored 3.6, becoming the top 25 in the world.41 The FDI reached an all-time high of 14.1% in 2012 and nearly ...
Ethnic minorities and indigenous people policy and rights
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Photo-2-150x150.jpg)
Cambodia is known for its rich cultural diversity, including ethnic minorities and indigenous communities. As the country has developed, efforts have been made to recognize and protect these groups’ rights through policies and initiatives to promote inclusivity, preserve cultural heritage, and address issues such as ...
Overview of policy and legal framework
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Overview-policy-and-legal-framwork_1-150x150.jpg)
Environmental protection and conservation are given high priority in the Royal Government of Cambodia’s guiding strategy, the Rectangular Strategy Phase III (2014–2018). ...
Land sales and trades
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/LandImage11-150x150.jpg)
The legal framework surrounding land sales and transfers was obliterated by the 2007 Civil Code, leaving little legal guidance. Forced land sales and distress sales are a substantial cause of land tenure insecurity in Cambodia. They are a significant cause of landlessness, and it is ...
Renewable energy production
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/9397675167_5f53d2ea0d_k-150x150.jpg)
Renewable sources of energy include biofuels, solar, wind, tidal and geothermal energy. Fossil fuels such as petroleum or coal are not renewable. ...
Coal
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Coal-barge-150x150.jpg)
Although exploratory work has indicated the presence of modest coal resources in northern Cambodia, no commercial-scale mining has yet begun. The coal used in electricity generation and for other purposes is imported.A coal barge from Samarinda coal mine on the Mahakam river. Indonesia, Borneo. Photo ...
Disaster preparedness and emergency response policy and administration
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/6975570999_7497eb4822_c-1-150x150.jpg)
In the World Risk Index for 2020, Cambodia was ranked as the 16th most vulnerable country in the world out of 181 countries listed.110 Global climate changes and ongoing disasters such as storms, floods and droughts are big challenges partly because of a lack of ...
Land tenure and land titling
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/LandImage37-150x150.jpg)
Land registration and titling of private property has been ongoing for more than a decade. As the Cambodian government works to formally register all private property, there is a dual system of soft possessory rights to be replaced by hard ownership rights through nationally-recognized title. ...
Bar association legal aid services
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/BAKC_Logo-150x150.jpg)
The Bar Association of the Kingdom of Cambodia (the Association) is a non-governmental institution for Cambodia’s lawyers. In keeping with Article 24 of the United Nations Basic Principle on the Role of Lawyers, the Association represents lawyers’ interests, promotes their continuing education and training, and ...
Land transfers
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/LandImage39-150x150.jpg)
Land transfers in Cambodia assume a variety of forms involving both public and private entities. The right to transfer property to another and to be protected from forced transfer is essential to land tenure security. Land transfer capacity is a source of value for landowners, ...
SMEs policy and regulation
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/SME-1-150x150.png)
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a major economic shock in Cambodia, having a spillover on Cambodian micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and small household farmers’ survival and business continuity.214 Digital technologies are crucial during the pandemic, in which the owners of SMEs should focus ...
Non-renewable energy production
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/4317962219_70bfca105e_b-150x150.jpg)
Non-renewable energy sources are chiefly fossil fuels such as coal, diesel, oil and gas. They provide most of Cambodia’s locally-produced electrical supply – in 2011 diesel and heavy fuel oil generators provided 89% of local electricity generation. ...
Artisanal mining
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/recovering-gold-from-an-old-riverbed-150x150.jpg)
Artisanal mining is small-scale mining that typically involves individuals, family groups or small communities, often working with limited technology. The mining may be seasonal, fitted around other work such as farming. There is a large overlap between this type of activity and gemstone mining. Artisanal ...
Forest protection
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/111-150x150.jpg)
Deforestation has always been a problem in Cambodia since the 1970s, and it has aggravated inthe last decade. Some protected areas have been deforested. Between 2001 and 2018, Cambodia had lost 557,000 hectares (11.7%) of forest cover in protected areas.262 This loss has had an ...
Pandemics
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/photo_2022-01-12_15-18-03_EDIT-150x150.jpg)
Pandemics are disease epidemics that spread from person to person as a result of human-to-human transmission. Many medical texts do not define the term “pandemic”. However, some key characteristics of pandemics, including wide geographic spread, disease movement, novelty, severity, high attack rates and explosiveness, minimal ...
Women in development
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/29057358215_a1347d5172_4k-150x150.jpg)
Dr. Tan Reasmey, researcher and lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology at the Institute of Technology of Cambodia. Photo taken from the USAID Asia on August 18, 2016. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Relevant national policy frameworksFrom the perspective of the government as ...
System of government
![https://www.flickr.com/photos/un_photo/3331241679/in/photolist-2wRPW-2Gg26r-2wUt1-65nu6n-uFgESg-uCXi7w-6xhhno-2Gg4QR-2GkpJw-2Gg5QD-2Gkm4C-2Gg42z-uEPMtm-uoFDid-2jCRep-75ibyG-bRRaeD-bCWrs5-75ejp6-75ibmA-75ejdP-75ibrs-8VjmtK-8k1pb1](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/System-of-government-150x150.jpg)
UNTAC soldiers from India patrolling the streets in Prey Veng province, Cambodia, on the second day of voting. Photo by United Nations Transitional Authority of Cambodia (UNTAC), taken on May 24 1993. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Cambodia inherited legal and political systems and a state ...