Pandemics are disease epidemics that spread from person to person as a result of human-to-human transmission. many medical texts do not define the term “pandemic”. However, some key characteristics of pandemics, including wide geographic spread, disease movement, novelty, severity, high attack rates and explosiveness, minimal ...

The Royal Government of Cambodia has acknowledged the potential of the tourism industry as a source of Cambodia’s socio-economy growth, including job creation and poverty reduction. Tourism has been considered one of Cambodia’s key economic pillars, both international and domestic. In the early 2000s, the ...

Trash collection in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Photo taken by David Villa, taken on 12 January 2008. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED.Solid waste is defined as “used things, materials, or products that remain or are generated from human daily activities and livelihood and do ...

USAID’s Harvest program is helping Cambodia’s farmers. Photo by USAID, taken on 09 December 2013. Under the license CC BY-ND 2.0.The country has achieved remarkable sustainable growth, however, poverty and food security remain the challenges. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has acknowledged that to ...

The Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) is initiated to “achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”. The global SDG 5 consists of 9 targets (3 targets as means of implementation) and 14 indicators. The objectives of SDG 5 are expressed in terms ...

The protection of Cambodian forests is primarily the responsibility of the ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Fisheries (mAFF) and the ministry of Environment. There are, however, many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the area, from United Nations (UN) agencies and other global bodies to locally-registered ...

Young child drinks clean water in Cambodia. Photo by Cecilia Snyder, taken on 12 July 2003. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Water pollution can be defined in many different ways. Basically, it is the contamination of water when pollutants are discharged into water bodies without treatment ...

Woman working in the salt fields in Kampot. Photo by douglasjonesjr, taken on 28 march 2014. Licensed under CC BY 2.0.Salt is produced in Kampot and Kep provinces, where seawater is allowed into salt evaporation ponds  As the water evaporates, salt crystals are left behind ...

The rights to freedom of association are protected under Cambodia’s laws. Article 36 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia provides that ‘Khmer citizens of both sexes shall have the rights to create unions and participate as its members’. Thus, under the 1997 Labor ...

Deforestation has always been a problem in Cambodia since the 1970s, and it has aggravated in​the last decade. Some protected areas have been deforested. Between 2001 and 2018, Cambodia had lost 557,000 hectares (11.7%) of forest cover in protected areas.387 This loss has had an ...

Construction on a Phnom Penh tower block. Photo by Axel Drainville, taken on 4 may 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0The construction industry has boomed in Cambodia. From 2000 to November 2018, Cambodia’s ministry of Land management, Urban Planning and Construction approved 43,136 construction projects representing ...

Cambodia is set up as a multi-party democracy under a constitutional monarchy. The King serves as the head of state and the Prime minister is the head of the Royal Government of Cambodia. Norodom Sihamoni,489 the King, was crowned in 2004 after the abdication of ...

Election ballots, Cambodia. Photo by Daniel Littlewood, taken on April 20, 2004. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0History of Cambodia’s electionsCambodia saw consecutive civil wars for more than 20 years after the coup in 1970. In 1991, parties in the conflict reached agreement to end the ...

Around three quarters of Cambodia’s population depend on agriculture, forest products and fisheries for their livelihoods, so the management of the environment and natural resources is of great importance. Deforestation has occurred on a large scale. Cambodia lost six percent of its remaining primary forest ...

SDG 9 focuses on the development of sustainable and resilient infrastructure and industries, including small-scale enterprises. It encourages scientific research and the upgrade of the technological capabilities of industries. Access to information and communications technology and affordable Internet access are included. The goal has 5 ...

Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1) seeks to “end poverty in all its forms everywhere”, ensuring extreme poverty is eradicated and overall poverty is reduced by 50%.This goal provides a much more comprehensive approach than the millennium Development Goals (mDGs) to the issue of poverty. ...

Counting money. Photo by Aaron Gilson, taken on 5 April 2013. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Cambodia re-opened for international trade in the 1980s, opened up to foreign investment in 1994, joined ASEAN in 1999, and became a member of the WTO in 2004. Its bilateral ...

Ministry of WoMen’s Affairs. Photo taken froM the Ministry’s Facebook Page, taken on 17 SepteMber 2016.EstablishMentUnder Royal Decree No. NS/RKM/0197/22, the Ministry of WoMen’s Affairs was forMally established on 24 January 1996. The Ministry becaMe the Ministry of WoMen and Veteran’s Affairs under the Royal ...

A national road in Cambodia. Photo by Pat Scullion, taken on 2 April 2010 under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Infrastructure describes the built assets that allow a country to function, such as roads, railways, ports, airports, communication systems, electricity and drinking water distribution networks. The ministry of ...

Cambodia has added an 18th goal to its localized version of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – “End the negative impact of mines/ERW and promote victim assistance”.966 The SDGs were adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015 as a universal call to action ...