European Union aid
The eU Ambassador to Cambodia, Carmen Moreno, shook hands with Prime Minister Hun Sen at Peace Palace on December 2, 2019. Photo from Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Facebook page.european Union (eU) has been one of Cambodia’s biggest trading partners and a major development partner since ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/european-union-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Labor arbitration
Arbitration Council in session, Cambodia. Photo by ILO (Asia and the Pacific), took on 8 June 2012. Licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 GenericThe Arbitration Council was established by the 1997 Labor Law. However, the Arbitration Council just opened its doors to serve employers, employees, workers and ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/labor-arbitration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Terms and definitions
Defining and measuring forests is not an easy business. Definitions that initially sound very similar can turn out to have crucial differences. Understanding the terms is important for understanding forest use, forest cover, forest laws and policies and deforestation. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/terms-and-definitions/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Carbon trading and other Payments for Ecological Services (PES)
Forest view. Photo by Open Development Cambodia, taken on 05 December 2021. Under license CC BY-SA 4.0.Cambodia is covered with forest, accounting for around 13.1 million hectares in 1973, and it is had fallen to 8.7 million hectares in 2014.71 However, based on the Ministry ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/carbon-trading-and-other-payments-for-ecological-services-pes/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Judiciary and courts
The judiciary is one of the three powers, together with the executive (the Government) and legislative (the National Assembly and the Senate), that constitute the state. 113 Its role is to monitor the application of the law and punish its violation. This power is vested ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/judiciary-and-courts/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Forest protection
Deforestation has always been a problem in Cambodia since the 1970s, and it has aggravated inthe last decade. Some protected areas have been deforested. Between 2001 and 2018, Cambodia had lost 557,000 hectares (11.7%) of forest cover in protected areas.161 This loss has had an ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/forest-protection/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Forest products
Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary. Photo by U.S. embassy Phnom Penh on 09 June 2016. Licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0.Cambodia had over 8 million hectares of forest resources in 2020, accounting for 44.7% of the country’s total land area. 215 The state owns the whole forest ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/forest-products/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
United States aid
The United States of America (the US) is one of the biggest donors to Cambodia.245 246 The history of cooperation and relations between the two countries can be traced back to the early 1950s after Cambodia received full independence from France. In 1955, the first ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/united-states-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Fishing policy and administration
Young man fishing with a cast net on Siem Reap river, Cambodia. Photo by Brian Hoffman, taken on 12 January 2015. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Fisheries management in Cambodia is divided between central and local governments. At the central level, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/fishing-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Oil refineries
There is currently no oils refinery in Cambodia. Although a refinery has been planned, its construction has been delayed several times, reportedly over financing difficulties. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/oil-refineries/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Trade
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen at a bilateral meeting. Photo by U.S. embassy Phnom Penh, taken on 06 January 2016. Licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0.Cambodia is a lower middle-income country with a fast-growing economy that has sustained a ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/trade/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Ethnic minorities and indigenous people
According to the Kingdom of Cambodia’s 2019 general population census, the total Cambodian population is 15,552,211 (51.31% of females).373 By 2021, the population increased to 16,589,023.374 Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and other minorities also live in the country. Indigenous ethnic groups known as “Khmer Loeu” live ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/ethnic-minorities-and-indigenous-people/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Relevant ministries
The Ministry of environment is the main authority mandated to oversee environmental issues, including protected areas, environmental impact assessments, and management of natural resources. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/relevant-ministries/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Climate change
Voice from Cambodia–Time is running out. Photo by Oxfam International, taken on 21 October 2009. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Climate change is the long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns. While the climate of the earth has always gone through periods of change, modern scientific evidence ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/climate-change/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Red Cross
The Cambodia Red Cross (CRC) is the principal humanitarian society in Cambodia. The government has designated it as an auxiliary to public bodies offering humanitarian assistance. In addition to the national headquarters, the CRC has 25 branches.434 CRC was founded in 1955 and has worked ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/red-cross/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
United Nations
Secretary-General António Guterres (right) meets with Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia in New York. Photo taken from the UN website on 22 September 2022.The United Nations (UN), founded in 1945 and guided by the UN ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/united-nations/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) was established in 1966 which headquarter is in Manila and currently has 68 members under its institution. The ADB aims to assist members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance, grants, and investments to promote socio-economic development.542 The ADB has ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/asian-development-bank-adb/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Exports
Prime Minister of Cambodia, Hun Sen, and other Cambodian Ministers were at the Aid for Trade Global Review 2019. Photo by World Trade Organization (WTO), taken on 03 July 2019. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.After two decades of strong economic performance, Cambodia moved into the ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/exports/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Urban administration and development
Bird eye view of a local market in Phnom Penh. Photo by Roberto Trombetta, taken on 8 May 2015. Photo licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 GenericThe development and administration of Cambodia’s urban areas has struggled to keep pace with urban population growth. For example, ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/urban-administration-and-development/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Fish farming and aquaculture
Fish farmers operating cage culture, Cambodia. Photo by O. Joffre/WorldFish, taken on 3 October 2009. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Aquaculture production has grown significantly. In 2012 it stood at 74,000 tonnes, or almost 11 percent of total fishery production. By 2016 it had grown to ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/fish-farming-and-aquaculture/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
