Animals
Cambodian animals are state property under Article 48 of the Forestry Law of 2002. This places the Forestry Administration (FA) in charge of research programs and conservation duties. The FA carries this out through its Department of Wildlife and Biodiversity. Conservation programs in the field href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/animals/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Environment and natural resources policy and administration
The 7th National Consultation Workshop on the Draft of the Environment and Natural Resource Code of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Photo by Open Development Cambodia, taken on 22 March 2018. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.With 76% of its people living in rural areas,31 Cambodia holds href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/environment-and-natural-resources-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Photo taken from the ministry’s Facebook Page, taken on 23 August 2023.EstablishmentUnder Royal Decree No. NS/RKM/0196/10, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MFAIC) was formally established on 24 January 1996. The ministry has a total of href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-and-international-cooperation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Civil and commercial litigation
Since 1993, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has been working to reform the country’s legal framework, and in particular the application of justice, to provide a clear and fixed procedural system to ensure respect for individual rights and equality before the courts.107 In theory, href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/civil-and-commercial-litigation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
System of government
UNTAC soldiers from India patrolling the streets in Prey Veng province, Cambodia, on the second day of voting. Photo by United Nations Transitional Authority of Cambodia (UNTAC), taken on May 24 1993. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Cambodia inherited legal and political systems and a state href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/system-of-government/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Legal aid
Under Cambodia’s Constitution, all Khmer citizens have equal status before the law, regardless of wealth or station.169 This promotes a political principle called the rule of law,170 an ideal that all members of a society, both the people and the State, are held equally accountable href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/legal-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Court monitoring
Respect for strong values is the key to citizens’ trust in their courts.237 The international values recognized for judges are independence and impartiality, integrity, equality of treatment, diligence and competence. A judge cannot both decide a case and have a personal interest in its resolution. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/court-monitoring/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Budget
Cambodian Independent Teachers’ Association and Free Trade Union of Workers of the Kingdom of Cambodia celebrated the World Teacher Day from Cambodia. Photo by Education International, taken on 5 October 2009. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0Cambodia’s national budget determines state expenditures and revenues. It is href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/budget/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Copper
Copper exploration is concentrated in Preah Vihear province in the northern part of Cambodia. The most active explorer is Australian-based Geopacific Resources, in collaboration with Cambodian tycoon Kith Meng’s Royal Group. Geopacific Resources is working with Cambodian-based Royal Group at Kou Sa, a 158 km2 href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/copper/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Procurement
“Stopping corruption may start from us” (Khmer version on Clean Hand poster), in Kratie province, Cambodia. Photo by World Bank Photo Collection, taken on November 22, 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0In Cambodia, the activities of buying goods, construction work, repairs, and services and consultation href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/procurement/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Unions
The rights to freedom of association are protected under Cambodia’s laws. Article 36 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia provides that ‘Khmer citizens of both sexes shall have the rights to create unions and participate as its members’. Thus, under the 1997 Labor href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/unions/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Extractive industries
Extractive industries include mining and mineral sectors, natural gas and oil exploration, petroleum refineries, and quarrying for construction resources such as sand, stone, and gravel. Cambodia’s extractive resources have gone largely untapped, while these resources are geographically identifiable. French and Chinese geologists have been indicated href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/extractive-industries/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Public land lease
Public land leases are grants of state lands to private entities in the form of a contractual rental agreement. These leases often take the form of land concessions, in particular economic land concessions. They are often associated with land conflicts and disputes. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/public-land-leases/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Development policies and administration
Products from Vietnam arrive at the Phnom Penh Autonomous Port in Kandal province. Photo by World Bank Photo Collection, taken on 23 February 2013. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0The Comprehensive Cambodian Peace Agreement, commonly referred to as the Paris Agreement, is seen as the beginning href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/development-policies-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Major banks
In 2020, COVID-19 severely impacted both the global and Cambodia economies. The banking system in Cambodia is also affected but at a moderate and manageable level.417 The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), Cambodia Microfinance Association, and other relevant institutions pointed out the rate of the href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/major-banks/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) was established in 1966 which headquarter is in Manila and currently has 68 members under its institution. The ADB aims to assist members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance, grants, and investments to promote socio-economic development.439 The ADB has href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/asian-development-bank-adb/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Pollution and waste
The rapid economic and population growth in Cambodia is leading to significant environmental pollution. The economic development activities have generated major environmental consequences, including air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and solid wastes. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/pollution-and-waste/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Taxation
Heavy trucks on a street in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Photo by Phalinn Ool, taken on June 15 2015. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0The Cambodian government’s 2014–18 Revenue Mobilization Strategy aimed to enhance revenue administration and strongly increase the collection of taxes and other revenue. The href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/taxation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Oil transport
Despite having both onshore and offshore oil discoveries in the country, Cambodia does not produce oil and has been importing petroleum products from Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. The Cambodia Trucking Association (CAMTA) says it controls around 70% of the Kingdom’s transportation. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/oil-transport/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Cassava
Cassava is a significant contributor to the agricultural sector in Cambodia. The planting, harvesting, processing and export of cassava provides jobs and livelihoods for thousands of Cambodians. Cassava is a significant cash crop for Cambodian farmers.516 Cassava production in Cambodia has increased substantially since 2006. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/cassava/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
