Communal land
Though there are multiple forms of communal property, the rights associated with indigenous communal property are subject to significant legal and socio-economic issues. Indigenous communities are culturally very different from the rest of Cambodia, and the law provides them with the opportunity to obtain collective ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/communal-land/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Electricity production
In Cambodia, electricity demands have been forecast to grow at 17.9 percent annually from 2012 to 2020.1 Distribution of electricity around the country has been a challenge: according to UN data, 79 percent of people live in rural areas,2 and the entire national population had grown ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/electricity-production/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Administration
Cambodia’s sub-national administration consists of three tiers: capital city/province, municipality/district and sangkat/commune. Phnom Penh is the capital, and there are 24 provinces, 159 districts (including 26 municipalities and 12 khans), 1406 communes and 227 sangkats. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Hydropower dams
In 2003, a national sector review for hydropower was prepared by the Ministry for Industry, Mines and energy (now Ministry of Mines and energy) and the Cambodian National Mekong Committee (CNMC). This report identified 60 possible sites for hydropower development in Cambodia and estimated the ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/hydropower-dams/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Legal aid providers
Legal aid is provided either by the Bar Association of the Kingdom of Cambodia (BAKC), internationally funded Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and public interest law firms. A special legal team under the supervision of the Prime Minister, aiming to assist impoverished women, particularly those in prison, ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/legal-aid-providers/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Gravel and limestone
Raw gravel, photo by touch and see, taken on March 26, 2014. Licensed under: CC BY-SA 2.0Since 2010, Cambodia has seen increasing production of cement, crushed stone, sand and gravel in response to the country’s booming construction sector. Approved investment in the construction industry in ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/gravel-and-limestone/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Land
Aerial view of Cambodia paddy rice field. Photo by Sai Kwong, taken on 23 October 2010. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.Land lies at the center of debates about Cambodia’s socioeconomic development. For farmers in the fertile lowlands, private land ownership rights have enabled recovery of ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Australian aid
Prime Minister of Australia, The Hon Anthony Albanese MP, and Prime Minister Hun Sen at Gala Dinner for ASeAN Heads of State/Government/Delegation and Spouses, dated 12 November 2022. Photo from Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia.Cambodia and Australia established their diplomatic ties ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/australian-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
SMEs policy and regulation
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a major economic shock in Cambodia, having a spillover on Cambodian micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMes) and small household farmers’ survival and business continuity.228 Digital technologies are crucial during the pandemic, in which the owners of SMes should focus ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/smes-policy-and-regulation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
SDG 15 Life on land
SDG 15 focuses on the sustainable use of terrestrial (land-based) biodiversity and ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, deserts and mountains and their interaction with freshwater systems. It aims to protect and restore their ecological function. The work includes applying sustainable land and forest management practices and ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/sdg-15-life-on-land/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Ministry of Women's Affairs
Ministry of Women’s Affairs. Photo taken from the Ministry’s Facebook Page, taken on 17 September 2016.establishmentUnder Royal Decree No. NS/RKM/0197/22, the Ministry of Women’s Affairs was formally established on 24 January 1996. The Ministry became the Ministry of Women and Veteran’s Affairs under the Royal ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/ministry-of-womens-affairs/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Fishing, fisheries and aquaculture
Cambodian fish farmer checking on fish quality. Photo by U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), taken on 16 October 2012. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Cambodia’s inland capture fisheries are among the largest in the world. The fishing industry encompasses subsistence, commercial and recreational fishing, as ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/fishing-fisheries-and-aquaculture/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Health care policy and administration
A quality and effective healthcare system that provides equal access to services is critical to ensure the well-being of any population. Both developed and developing countries strive to bring improvements to their healthcare systems. Cambodia, in particular, has undergone significant transformations in terms of healthcare ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/health-care-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Population and censuses
table { width: 100%; } table td { vertical-align: middle; } Cambodians gathering along the Chaktomuk riverside in Phnom Penh to watch boat racing during the Water Festival. Photo by Patrik M. Loeff, taken on 24 November 2007. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.PopulationProvisional results from ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/population-and-censuses/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Patient rights
Access to quality healthcare is fundamental to enhancing citizens’ livelihoods and advancing towards more sustainable growth and development in countries all over the world. Along with increasing public demand for better health infrastructure and adequate access to healthcare services, many countries face the need to ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/patient-rights/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Foreign investors
Things you should know about Cambodia before investingCambodia has performed well on foreign direct investment (FDI) so far, three times better than predicted, which scored 3.6, becoming the top 25 in the world.531 The FDI reached an all-time high of 14.1% in 2012 and nearly ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/foreign-investors/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Air pollution
The smoke and stench blow into the air in Phnom Penh’s huge landfill. Photo by Alan Morgan, taken on 17 September 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Air pollution originates mainly from the burning of fuels such as petroleum, diesel and coal in the transport, household, ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/air-pollution/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Electricity infrastructure
Rural energy cooperative in Cambodia. Photo by Nomade Moderne, taken on 23 March 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0The electricity distributed in Cambodia is partly generated within the country and partly imported. For many years, local generation was on a relatively small scale, and was ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/electricity-infrastructure/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Sustainable Development Goals
In September 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This contained 17 items that have become known as the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), intended to drive action in critically important areas to the year 2030. These goals have ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/sustainable-development-goals/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Cooking fuel
Firewood and charcoal are the main sources of energy for households and many small and medium enterprises, such as brick and tile industries. The cooking fuels used in Cambodia have changed greatly in the last decade. The National Census 2008 showed that 91 percent of ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/cooking-fuel/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
