Land tenure and land titling
Land registration and titling of private property has been ongoing for more than a decade. As the Cambodian government works to formally register all private property, there is a dual system of soft possessory rights to be replaced by hard ownership rights through nationally-recognized title. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land-tenure-and-titling/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Legal aid policy and regulation
Public policies are a system of laws, regulatory measures, and plans of action implemented by the government to ensure that its functions are performed predictably and consistently.1 Policies typically outline the guiding principles of an operation; meanwhile, regulations set procedural expectations. Currently, there are no href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/legal-aid-policy-and-regulation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Off-shore oil and gas exploration and extraction
For the purposes of oil and gas exploration, six Offshore Blocks (A–F) have been set out. Significant finds of oil have been made in Block A, but no oil has yet been extracted. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/off-shore-oil-and-gas-exploration-and-extraction/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Science and technology
Students gathering around 3D printed models at a construction expo in Phnom Penh. Photo by ARC Hub PNH, taken in December 2014. Used with permission from ARC Hub PNH.Cambodia has achieved considerable economic and social progress in the last few decades, but the country does href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/science-and-technology/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Women in development
Dr. Tan Reasmey, researcher and lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology at the Institute of Technology of Cambodia. Photo taken from the USAID Asia on August 18, 2016. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Relevant national policy frameworksFrom the perspective of the government as href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/women-in-development/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Science and technology policy and administration
Cambodia has the ambition to transform and digitalize the government system and its economy. The overarching determination comes after the country’s ambitious economic goal of 2050, the readiness to keep up with the region’s science and technology development, and the global megatrend, the fourth industrial href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/science-and-technology-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Overview of policy and legal framework
Environmental protection and conservation are given high priority in the Royal Government of Cambodia’s guiding strategy, the Rectangular Strategy Phase III (2014–2018). href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/overview-of-policy-and-legal-framework/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Coal
Although exploratory work has indicated the presence of modest coal resources in northern Cambodia, no commercial-scale mining has yet begun. The coal used in electricity generation and for other purposes is imported.A coal barge from Samarinda coal mine on the Mahakam river. Indonesia, Borneo. Photo href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/coal/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Minerals and mineral products
Minerals from Halpern Mineral Collection, San Francisco, Photo by Eric Hunt taken on October 21 2006. License under: CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Many of Cambodia’s mineral resources are undeveloped, with most production concentrating on construction materials such as crushed stone, sand, gravel and limestone.187There is currently no href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/mineral-and-mineral-products/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Social land concessions
Social land concessions (SLCs) are intended to provide to the landless or land-poor land on which to establish residences and/or generate income through agriculture. The Cambodian Government that more than 30,000 households have received land as social land concessions. Despite its pro-poor intention, the SLC href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/social-land-concessions/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Elections
Election ballots, Cambodia. Photo by Daniel Littlewood, taken on April 20, 2004. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0History of Cambodia’s electionsCambodia saw consecutive civil wars for more than 20 years after the coup in 1970. In 1991, parties in the conflict reached agreement to end the href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/elections/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Gravel and limestone
Raw gravel, photo by touch and see, taken on March 26, 2014. Licensed under: CC BY-SA 2.0Since 2010, Cambodia has seen increasing production of cement, crushed stone, sand and gravel in response to the country’s booming construction sector. Approved investment in the construction industry in href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/gravel-and-limestone/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Quarrying
Small-scale quarries producing construction materials are a key part of the mining industry in Cambodia. Clay for brick and tile manufacturing and sand and gravel are found in many locations.Under the Law on Mineral Resource Management and Exploitation (‘the mining law’) there are six types href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/quarrying/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Community forest
The Forest Law of 2002 provides a legal basis for rural communities to use and help manage forests through community forestry. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/community-forest/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Labor policy and administration
Children working with bricks, Cambodia. Photo by Sodanie Chea, take on 6 June 2013. Licensed under CC BY 2.0Cambodia has a total population of slightly over 15 million, most of whom are under the age of 30. An estimated 250,000 people enter the job market href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/labor-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Forest cover reporting
Forest cover is the area of land covered by tree canopy. Measuring and reporting this can show the different types of forest that exist and the areas of each, and how these areas change over time. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/forest-cover-reporting/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Terms and definitions
Defining and measuring forests is not an easy business. Definitions that initially sound very similar can turn out to have crucial differences. Understanding the terms is important for understanding forest use, forest cover, forest laws and policies and deforestation. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/terms-and-definitions/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Education and training
Chi Phat primary school, Koh Kong Province. Photo by ODC team, taken on 28 November 2017. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.Access to free, good quality education in Cambodia is a right set out in the country’s Constitution: Article 65: “The State shall protect and promote citizens’ href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/education-and-training/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
National parks and wildlife sanctuaries
Cambodia’s national parks (or ‘natural parks’) and wildlife preserves were established under the 1993 Royal Decree on the Protection of Natural Areas. Although other areas have been added subsequently, there is currently no officially available list of all protected areas and their boundaries. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/national-parks-and-wildlife-sanctuaries/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
SDG 4 Quality education
Sustainable Development Goal 4 – Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all – focuses on education as a fundamental human right that is necessary for the achievement of all the SDGs.378 Education supports the achievement of gender equality by empowering women and is crucial to creating href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/sdg-4-quality-education/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
