International relations
Cambodia has strong diplomatic links with many countries. Its warmest relationship with a superpower is with the People's Republic of China. The most important economic ties are with China, the United States of America, Thailand and Vietnam. Cambodia is a member of the UN, ASEAN, ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/international-relations/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Procurement
“Stopping corruption may start from us” (Khmer version on Clean Hand poster), in Kratie province, Cambodia. Photo by World Bank Photo Collection, taken on November 22, 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0In Cambodia, the activities of buying goods, construction work, repairs, and services and consultation ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/procurement/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Development and assistance for land tenure and land titling
Beginning in 2002, the World Bank, Germany, Finland and Canada began a joint-program to promote land tenure security in Cambodia by providing financial and technical support to land titling efforts. Following the eviction of residents of the Boeung Kak Lake area of Phnom Penh due ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/development-and-assistance-for-land-tenure-and-land-titling/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Water pollution
Young child drinks clean water in Cambodia. Photo by Cecilia Snyder, taken on 12 July 2003. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Water pollution can be defined in many different ways. Basically, it is the contamination of water when pollutants are discharged into water bodies without treatment ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/water-pollution/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Disaster and emergency response funding
Cambodia has begun to integrate disaster and climate resilience goals into its national policies but implementation remains difficult. In the National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2014–2018, the government prioritizes the target to: “build a resilient nation and local communities to pursue sustainable development.” ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/disaster-and-emergency-response-funding/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Marine and coastal areas
In terms of attractiveness, one of Cambodia’s assets is the relative absence of intense development along its coasts, in comparison with neighboring countries. The 440 kilometer-long coastline includes a large area of non-urbanized zones, where locals can make their livelihoods from coastal resources. Cambodia’s coastline ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/marine-and-coastal-areas/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Criminal litigation
Criminal litigation refers to the judicial procedure held before a criminal court to resolve accusations brought against a person accused of a criminal offense. As defined in the law, “The purpose of a criminal action is to examine the existence of an offense, to prove ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/criminal-litigation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Cassava
Cassava is a significant contributor to the agricultural sector in Cambodia. The planting, harvesting, processing and export of cassava provides jobs and livelihoods for thousands of Cambodians. Cassava is a significant cash crop for Cambodian farmers.211 Cassava production in Cambodia has increased substantially since 2006. ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/cassava/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Urban administration and development
Bird eye view of a local market in Phnom Penh. Photo by Roberto Trombetta, taken on 8 May 2015. Photo licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 GenericThe development and administration of Cambodia’s urban areas has struggled to keep pace with urban population growth. For example, ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/urban-administration-and-development/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Water and sanitation
Children in Moung district, Battambang province, wash their hands with soap and water. Photo by WorldFish Cambodia, taken on 08 November 2018. Licensed under (CC BY-ND 2.0).Recognized as a global crisis, the United Nations has included water and sanitation in Sustainable Development Goal 6, ensuring ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/water-and-sanitation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Administration
Cambodia’s sub-national administration consists of three tiers: capital city/province, municipality/district and sangkat/commune. Phnom Penh is the capital, and there are 24 provinces, 159 districts (including 26 municipalities and 12 khans), 1406 communes and 227 sangkats. ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Concessions
A land concession is a grant of rights over an area of land for a specific purpose. In Cambodia land concessions can be granted for various purposes, including agribusiness, redistribution of land to the landless and land-poor, infrastructure development, mining and fishing. They have been ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/concessions/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Land
Aerial view of Cambodia paddy rice field. Photo by Sai Kwong, taken on 23 October 2010. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.Land lies at the center of debates about Cambodia’s socioeconomic development. For farmers in the fertile lowlands, private land ownership rights have enabled recovery of ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Land policy and administration
The Royal Government of Cambodia's land policy has three pillars: land administration, land management and land distribution. The objective of the country’s land policy is to facilitate the use and management of land and natural resources for socio-economic development in an equitable and sustainable manner. ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Biofuel crops
Biofuel crops have a significant potential for contributing to future energy requirements worldwide. Agricultural lands offer energy farming as an alternative to their usual role of food production. Biofuel crops are an environmentally valuable means of sustainable energy production.472 The demand for transport fuels in ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/biofuel-crops/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Expropriation
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Land Law of 2001 both guarantee an individual’s right to property protection. Though part of the Government’s policy framework since 2002, not until 2010 did a legal framework exist to govern the process by which the ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/expropriation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Ground water
Cambodia relies heavily on its groundwater resources to overcome water shortages during the dry season. More than half of the population depends on it when enough surface water is not available. At a certain depth, the ground is saturated with water, and the upper surface ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/groundwater/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Construction
Construction on a Phnom Penh tower block. Photo by Axel Drainville, taken on 4 May 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0The construction industry has boomed in Cambodia. From 2000 to November 2018, Cambodia’s Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction approved 43,136 construction projects representing ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/construction/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Special economic zones
A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a defined area within a country that is subject to different laws and regulations than other areas of the country. These comprehensive industrial areas provide preferential incentives to investors and offer government import-export administrative support to facilitate trade. Though ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/special-economic-zones/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
