Agriculture in Cambodia accounts for approximately 56% of the labour force. The size of the sector means that policies developed here have a significant impact on the whole country. Agricultural policy and administration is managed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). There href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/agricultural-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

World Bank Headquarters, 2013: World Bank/IMF Spring Meetings. Photo by Simone D. McCourte, World Bank, taken on 16 April 2013. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Funding data on development and assistance to land tenure and titling issues presents an incomplete and conflicting picture. Though various sources exist href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land-tenure-and-land-titling-funding/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Electricite du Cambodge (EdC). Photo by bmeabroad, taken on 10 November 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Low electrification rates and over-dependence on fossil fuel imports have contributed to Cambodia ranking 120 out of 124 nations in the new World Economic Forum’s Global Energy Architecture Performance Index href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/energy-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia was officially promulgated by Royal Kram on 24 September 1993. Image designed by Open Development Cambodia (ODC), 10 September 2021. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.The 1993 Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia is the supreme law of the href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/constitution-and-rights/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

In Cambodia, petroleum is traditionally the main source of energy for transportation. The petroleum fuels used for transportation include gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel and fuel oil. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/energy-for-transport/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Although Cambodia is believed to have iron ore resources and a number of exploration licenses have been granted, no significant finds have been reported. There is no commercial mining of iron ore in the country. While ambitious plans for mining and steel plants have been href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/iron-and-steel/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Patients are registered during the outreach screening at Vien Health Center. Photo by Community Eye Health, taken in 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0The Kingdom of Cambodia is an indivisible state.  The country’s administration at all levels and in all sectors falls under the same href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/provincial-and-local-governments/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia has begun to integrate disaster and climate resilience goals into its national policies but implementation remains difficult. In the National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2014–2018, the government prioritizes the target to: “build a resilient nation and local communities to pursue sustainable development.” href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/disaster-and-emergency-response-funding/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

The protection of Cambodian forests is primarily the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Fisheries (MAFF) and the Ministry of Environment. There are, however, many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the area, from United Nations (UN) agencies and other global bodies to locally-registered href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/forest-protection-ngos/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

In Cambodia, electricity demands have been forecast to grow at 17.9 percent annually from 2012 to 2020.149 Distribution of electricity around the country has been a challenge: according to UN data, 79 percent of people live in rural areas,150 and the entire national population had grown href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/electricity-production/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

The classification of forests is set out in the Law on Forestry 2002. The law applies to both natural forests and plantations, and “defines the framework for management, harvesting, use, development and conservation of the forests in the Kingdom of Cambodia. The objective of this href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/forest-classifications/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Young man fishing with a cast net on Siem Reap river, Cambodia. Photo by Brian Hoffman, taken on 12 January 2015. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Fisheries management in Cambodia is divided between central and local governments. At the central level, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/fishing-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia is known for its rich cultural diversity, including ethnic minorities and indigenous communities. As the country has developed, efforts have been made to recognize and protect these groups’ rights through policies and initiatives to promote inclusivity, preserve cultural heritage, and address issues such as href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/ethnic-minorities-and-indigenous-people-policy-and-rights/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

The legal framework surrounding land sales and transfers was obliterated by the 2007 Civil Code, leaving little legal guidance. Forced land sales and distress sales are a substantial cause of land tenure insecurity in Cambodia. They are a significant cause of landlessness, and it is href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land-sales-and-trades/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Decentralization and deconcentration are seen as “internally driven” reforms228, where the national government gradually delegates power, involving either administration or finance, to local governments to administer in their locality.27-year-old Sun Sovath supports his family by raising chickens, in Kampong Thom, Cambodia. Photo by World Bank Photo href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/decentralization-and-deconcentration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia recognizes the important role of science and technology in the 21st century and aims to transform and integrate technology into its human resources through the education sector. Various policies and strategies are implemented to achieve the goal such as Policy guidelines for New Generation href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/science-and-technology-education-and-promotion/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Article 68 of Cambodia’s Constitution states that the Government shall provide free primary and secondary education for all citizens and each individual shall pursue basic education for at least 9 years. Education is a fundamental engine of social and economic development for a country, especially href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/primary-and-secondary-education/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Anti-Corruption Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Photo by Michael Coghlan, taken on 9 January 2014. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0In the 2016 Corruption Perceptions Index published by Transparency International, released in January 2017, Cambodia ranked 156th out of 176 countries.376 Cambodia has the lowest score of all href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/anti-corruption/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

The Kingdom of Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy. The king is the head of state for his lifetime but does not govern. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/head-of-state/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Nearly all of the ministries were established in 1995. A few ministries were only recently created in the post-2013 national election by a separation of one ministry into two. There are 28 government ministries and secretariats, and many national bodies. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/ministries-and-national-bodies/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...