Mining
The mining sector in Cambodia is mostly undeveloped, and active mining enterprises are typically small-scale quarries producing materials for construction, such as laterite, marble, granite, limestone, gravel and sand. There is no industrial-scale extraction of minerals, although many exploration licenses have been granted to ...
Electricity production
In Cambodia, electricity demands have been forecast to grow at 17.9 percent annually from 2012 to 2020.1 Distribution of electricity around the country has been a challenge: according to UN data, 79 percent of people live in rural areas,2 and the entire national population had grown ...
Concessions
A land concession is a grant of rights over an area of land for a specific purpose. In Cambodia land concessions can be granted for various purposes, including agribusiness, redistribution of land to the landless and land-poor, infrastructure development, mining and fishing. They have been ...
Plants
Although there are often new discoveries,37 a global lack of up to date data on botanical research makes plants biodiversity hard to assess in Cambodia. Compared to neighboring countries, the number of plant species is low, mostly due to the relative country’s flat landscape.38 Botanical knowledge ...
Social land concessions
Social land concessions (SLCs) are intended to provide to the landless or land-poor land on which to establish residences and/or generate income through agriculture. The Cambodian Government that more than 30,000 households have received land as social land concessions. despite its pro-poor intention, the SLC ...
Solid waste
Trash collection in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Photo taken by David Villa, taken on 12 January 2008. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 deED.Solid waste is defined as “used things, materials, or products that remain or are generated from human daily activities and livelihood and do ...
Non-renewable energy production
Non-renewable energy sources are chiefly fossil fuels such as coal, diesel, oil and gas. They provide most of Cambodia’s locally-produced electrical supply – in 2011 diesel and heavy fuel oil generators provided 89% of local electricity generation. ...
Energy for transport
In Cambodia, petroleum is traditionally the main source of energy for transportation. The petroleum fuels used for transportation include gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel and fuel oil. ...
Labor policy and administration
Children working with bricks, Cambodia. Photo by Sodanie Chea, take on 6 June 2013. Licensed under CC BY 2.0Cambodia has a total population of slightly over 15 million, most of whom are under the age of 30. An estimated 250,000 people enter the job market ...
Forests and forestry
Cambodia’s forests have seen a significant reduction of total forest and dense forest cover in recent years, the growth of plantations, particularly rubber, and an ongoing problem with illegal logging. ...
Provincial and local governments
Patients are registered during the outreach screening at Vien Health Center. Photo by Community Eye Health, taken in 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0The Kingdom of Cambodia is an indivisible state. The country’s administration at all levels and in all sectors falls under the same ...
Biodiversity
Biodiversity̴3; or̴3; Biological̴3; Resources:̴3; Various̴3; organisms̴3; in̴3; the̴3; same̴3; or̴3; different̴3; species̴3; and̴3; living̴3; organisms̴3; of̴3; all̴3; levels̴3; and̴3; sources,̴3; including̴3; land,̴3; marine̴3; and̴3; freshwater̴3; ecosystems,̴3; and̴3; the̴3; ecological̴3; relationships̴3; in̴3; which̴3; these̴3; ecosystems̴3; exist.̴3;157̴3;̴3; Biodiversity is essential for most of the resources used by ...
Law making process
The law-making process is about making and enacting new laws or revising existing laws.In the Kingdom of Cambodia, three institutions can initiate the law-making process: any member of the National Assembly, any member of the Senate and the prime minister. 198 Most of the texts ...
SDG 18 Cambodia mine/ERW free
Cambodia has added an 18th goal to its localized version of the Sustainable development Goals (SDGs) – “End the negative impact of mines/ERW and promote victim assistance”.218 The SDGs were adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015 as a universal call to action ...
Economic policy and administration
After the first general election in 1993, the government prepared and implemented a comprehensive micro- and macroeconomic policy and structural reform program to integrate Cambodia’s economy into the region and the world as well as stimulate its economic growth.296 In the two decades following that ...
Communal land
Though there are multiple forms of communal property, the rights associated with indigenous communal property are subject to significant legal and socio-economic issues. Indigenous communities are culturally very different from the rest of Cambodia, and the law provides them with the opportunity to obtain collective ...
Renewable energy production
Renewable sources of energy include biofuels, solar, wind, tidal and geothermal energy. Fossil fuels such as petroleum or coal are not renewable. ...
Patient rights
Access to quality healthcare is fundamental to enhancing citizens’ livelihoods and advancing towards more sustainable growth and development in countries all over the world. Along with increasing public demand for better health infrastructure and adequate access to healthcare services, many countries face the need to ...
Rivers and lakes
Tonle Sap lake reflections. Photo from Mariusz Kluzniak. Uploaded on 1 January 2012. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0despite severe droughts striking the country frequently, Cambodia possesses substantial water resources, mostly contained in the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap great lake and river. The lake ...
Taxation
Heavy trucks on a street in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Photo by Phalinn Ool, taken on June 15 2015. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0The Cambodian government’s 2014–18 Revenue Mobilization Strategy aimed to enhance revenue administration and strongly increase the collection of taxes and other revenue. The ...
