The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia was officially promulgated by Royal Kram on 24 September 1993. Image designed by Open Development Cambodia (ODC), 10 September 2021. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.The 1993 Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia is the supreme law of the ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/constitution-and-rights/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Counting money. Photo by Aaron Gilson, taken on 5 April 2013. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Cambodia re-opened for international trade in the 1980s, opened up to foreign investment in 1994, joined ASeAN in 1999, and became a member of the WTO in 2004. Its bilateral ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/economy-and-commerce/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

State public land has a public interest value or provides a public service. The land is inalienable, although it can be leased for limited uses that do not alter or damage its public value. State public land should only be reclassified if the land no ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/state-public-land/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Despite having both onshore and offshore oil discoveries in the country, Cambodia does not produce oil and has been importing petroleum products from Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. The Cambodia Trucking Association (CAMTA) says it controls around 70% of the Kingdom’s transportation. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/oil-transport/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Biodiversity​ or​ Biological​ Resources:​ Various​ organisms​ in​ the​ same​ or​ different​ species​ and​ living​ organisms​ of​ all​ levels​ and​ sources,​ including​ land,​ marine​ and​ freshwater​ ecosystems,​ and​ the​ ecological​ relationships​ in​ which​ these​ ecosystems​ exist.​114​​ Biodiversity is essential for most of the resources used by ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/biodiversity/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Biofuel crops have a significant potential for contributing to future energy requirements worldwide. Agricultural lands offer energy farming as an alternative to their usual role of food production. Biofuel crops are an environmentally valuable means of sustainable energy production.155 The demand for transport fuels in ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/biofuel-crops/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia’s forests have seen a significant reduction of total forest and dense forest cover in recent years, the growth of plantations, particularly rubber, and an ongoing problem with illegal logging. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/forests-and-forestry/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Cassava farm in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Photo by CIAT, taken on 09 December 2014. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0The drought that Cambodia experiences is a shortage of water that is typically caused by:late onset of the rainy season (which normally occurs from May/June to October and ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/drought/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Political stability and economic growth of all sectors have played vital role in building the public and foreign investors’ confidence and maintaining the safety and soundness of banking system in Cambodia. The banking sector continues to have substantial growth as it shares 82.2% in the ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/banking-and-financial-services-policy-and-regulation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Pandemics are disease epidemics that spread from person to person as a result of human-to-human transmission. Many medical texts do not define the term “pandemic”. However, some key characteristics of pandemics, including wide geographic spread, disease movement, novelty, severity, high attack rates and explosiveness, minimal ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/pandemics/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Trash collection in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Photo taken by David Villa, taken on 12 January 2008. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 DeeD.Solid waste is defined as “used things, materials, or products that remain or are generated from human daily activities and livelihood and do ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/solid-waste/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

National Assembly of Cambodia. Photo by Sorn Seang Heng, taken on 12 June 2010. Licensed under CC-BY 2.0.With a constitution written a little more than 20 years ago, the current rule of law in Cambodia is relatively new, and continues to be shaped by many ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/law-and-judiciary/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Jatropha, known in Cambodia as “Lhong Kwong”, is commonly grown in the Kingdom. Jatropha mainly grows in the mountainous regions of the north and central parts of Cambodia but is not restricted to those areas. It can be found in Battambong, Pursat, Kampong Speu, Sihanouk, ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/jatropha/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

The total value of Cambodia’s international trade amounted to $35.8 billion in 2020, a 2.5 percent increase on the $34.9 billion in 2019 even after the Covid-19 pandemic slowed global trade, according to Ministry of Commerce (MoC) reports from 2020. The main sources of Cambodia’s ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/imports/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

For the purposes of oil and gas exploration, six Offshore Blocks (A–F) have been set out. Significant finds of oil have been made in Block A, but no oil has yet been extracted. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/off-shore-oil-and-gas-exploration-and-extraction/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

There is no large industrial-scale extraction of minerals carried out in Cambodia yet, but many exploration licenses have been granted and some mining companies have reported promising finds of minerals such as gold. Today companies from China, Korea, Vietnam, Australia and elsewhere are exploring for ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/industrial-mining-2/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia’s national parks (or ‘natural parks’) and wildlife preserves were established under the 1993 Royal Decree on the Protection of Natural Areas. Although other areas have been added subsequently, there is currently no officially available list of all protected areas and their boundaries. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/national-parks-and-wildlife-sanctuaries/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

By definition, Vocational education refers to the program that enables people to acquire highly transferable and development skills. It also grants people the necessary technical skill for their desired career.498 Cambodia’s vocational education plays an important role during the country’s economic structural transition and the ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/vocational-education/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

In Cambodia, alternate periods of drought and heavy rains bring challenges for water management. The current trends show increasing annual rainfall and temperature throughout Cambodia, with a likelihood that both flooding and droughts will increase in frequency, severity and duration562. Water management involves issues of ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/water-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia restructured its economy after many years of protracted war and instability. The economy grew strongly following the country’s transition to a free-market economy as it opened to trade and capital flows. Growth was supported by the flow of development assistance, access to the european ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/investment/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...