Off-shore oil and gas exploration and extraction
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/3595735507_6dd83e4bac_z-150x150.jpg)
For the purposes of oil and gas exploration, six offshore Blocks (A–F) have been set out. Significant finds of oil have been made in Block A, but no oil has yet been extracted. ...
Adaptation
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Adaptation_Environment-Natural-Resources-150x150.jpg)
UN’s Bali Climate Change Conference. Photo by Oxfam International, taken on 4 December 2007. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Climate change is a continuing problem. In Southeast Asia, Cambodia is one of the countries that is most affected and underprepared. As it is a developing country, ...
SDG 18 Cambodia mine/ERW free
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/SDG_18-150x150.jpg)
Cambodia has added an 18th goal to its localized version of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – “End the negative impact of mines/ERW and promote victim assistance”.27 The SDGs were adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015 as a universal call to action ...
Mitigation
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/5077323562_bb2d27cf11_b-150x150.jpg)
Together, fighting climate change. Photo by 350.org, taken on 12 October 2010. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Clean Development MechanismThe Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), defined in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol to ...
Oil transport
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Oil-transportation-150x150.jpg)
Despite having both onshore and offshore oil discoveries in the country, Cambodia does not produce oil and has been importing petroleum products from Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. The Cambodia Trucking Association (CAMTA) says it controls around 70% of the Kingdom’s transportation. ...
Forest protection NGOs
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Forest_Pic-150x150.jpg)
The protection of Cambodian forests is primarily the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Fisheries (MAFF) and the Ministry of Environment. There are, however, many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the area, from United Nations (UN) agencies and other global bodies to locally-registered ...
State private land
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/LandImage04-150x150.jpg)
All land that is not state public property or is not privately owned is de facto state private land. State private land may be sold, exchanged, leased, granted as concessions, or otherwise alienated. ...
Land sales and trades
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/LandImage11-150x150.jpg)
The legal framework surrounding land sales and transfers was obliterated by the 2007 Civil Code, leaving little legal guidance. Forced land sales and distress sales are a substantial cause of land tenure insecurity in Cambodia. They are a significant cause of landlessness, and it is ...
Cooking fuel
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/6080340952_e8761a2f44_o-150x150.jpg)
Firewood and charcoal are the main sources of energy for households and many small and medium enterprises, such as brick and tile industries. The cooking fuels used in Cambodia have changed greatly in the last decade. The National Census 2008 showed that 91 percent of ...
Coal
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Coal-barge-150x150.jpg)
Although exploratory work has indicated the presence of modest coal resources in northern Cambodia, no commercial-scale mining has yet begun. The coal used in electricity generation and for other purposes is imported.A coal barge from Samarinda coal mine on the Mahakam river. Indonesia, Borneo. Photo ...
Maternal and child health
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/8758053343_9242b52512_k-150x150.jpg)
The number of mothers who died in labour has nearly halved over four years, from 182 fatalities in 2011 to 100 in 2015.189 Deaths among children have also dropped, although they remain comparatively high, and the prevalence of underweight newborns is high compared to many ...
National parks and wildlife sanctuaries
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/22191562280_614d5a554f_k-150x150.jpg)
Cambodia’s national parks (or ‘natural parks’) and wildlife preserves were established under the 1993 Royal Decree on the Protection of Natural Areas. Although other areas have been added subsequently, there is currently no officially available list of all protected areas and their boundaries. ...
Artisanal mining
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/recovering-gold-from-an-old-riverbed-150x150.jpg)
Artisanal mining is small-scale mining that typically involves individuals, family groups or small communities, often working with limited technology. The mining may be seasonal, fitted around other work such as farming. There is a large overlap between this type of activity and gemstone mining. Artisanal ...
Non-renewable energy production
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/4317962219_70bfca105e_b-150x150.jpg)
Non-renewable energy sources are chiefly fossil fuels such as coal, diesel, oil and gas. They provide most of Cambodia’s locally-produced electrical supply – in 2011 diesel and heavy fuel oil generators provided 89% of local electricity generation. ...
Labor arbitration
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Arbitration-Council-in-trial-sessions-150x150.jpg)
Arbitration Council in session, Cambodia. Photo by ILO (Asia and the Pacific), took on 8 June 2012. Licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 GenericThe Arbitration Council was established by the 1997 Labor Law. However, the Arbitration Council just opened its doors to serve employers, employees, workers and ...
Copper
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Copper-mine-150x150.jpg)
Copper exploration is concentrated in Preah Vihear province in the northern part of Cambodia. The most active explorer is Australian-based Geopacific Resources, in collaboration with Cambodian tycoon Kith Meng’s Royal Group. Geopacific Resources is working with Cambodian-based Royal Group at Kou Sa, a 158 km2 ...
Fish farming and aquaculture
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/6323862891_66776de4e5_o-150x150.jpg)
Fish farmers operating cage culture, Cambodia. Photo by O. Joffre/WorldFish, taken on 3 October 2009. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Aquaculture production has grown significantly. In 2012 it stood at 74,000 tonnes, or almost 11 percent of total fishery production. By 2016 it had grown to ...
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Adb-logo-block-150x150.jpg)
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) was established in 1966 which headquarter is in Manila and currently has 68 members under its institution. The ADB aims to assist members and partners by providing loans, technical assistance, grants, and investments to promote socio-economic development.268 The ADB has ...