Types of state-protected areas
Flooded forest in Cambodia. Photo by Andrea Kirkby, taken 11 May 2014. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.A 1993 royal decree designated 23 protected areas covering about 3,273,300 ha, equal to around 18% of the country’s total land area, and brought them under the jurisdiction of the Ministry ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/types-of-state-protected-areas/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Trade
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen at a bilateral meeting. Photo by U.S. Embassy Phnom Penh, taken on 06 January 2016. Licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0.Cambodia is a lower middle-income country with a fast-growing economy that has sustained a ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/trade/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Banking and financial services
According to the Annual supervision report 2020 by the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), the key bodies in the banking system consists of:51 commercial banks12 specialized banks75 microfinance non-deposit taking institutions6 microfinance deposit-taking institutions245 rural credit institutionsIn addition, there are financial leasing companies, third-party processors, ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/banking-and-financial-services/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Oil and gas resources
Oil and gas have been found on Cambodian territory but no commercial extraction has begun. When extraction may begin is uncertain while oil prices are at comparatively low levels. All the petroleum products for local demand are imported, chiefly from Vietnam, Singapore and Thailand. Consumption ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/oil-and-gas-resources/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Law making process
The law-making process is about making and enacting new laws or revising existing laws.In the Kingdom of Cambodia, three institutions can initiate the law-making process: any member of the National Assembly, any member of the Senate and the prime minister. 139 Most of the texts ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/law-making-process/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Head of state
The Kingdom of Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy. The king is the head of state for his lifetime but does not govern. ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/head-of-state/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Japanese aid
Japanese military members observe as Cambodian sailors attach a neck brace to a patient during a Pacific Partnership knowledge exchange in Sihanoukville, Cambodia. Photo by U.S. Pacific Fleet, taken on 21 June 2014. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0Japan, through its official development branch called Japan ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/japanese-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Oil transport
Despite having both onshore and offshore oil discoveries in the country, Cambodia does not produce oil and has been importing petroleum products from Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. The Cambodia Trucking Association (CAMTA) says it controls around 70% of the Kingdom’s transportation. ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/oil-transport/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Salt
Woman working in the salt fields in Kampot. Photo by douglasjonesjr, taken on 28 March 2014. Licensed under CC BY 2.0.Salt is produced in Kampot and Kep provinces, where seawater is allowed into salt evaporation ponds As the water evaporates, salt crystals are left behind ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/salt/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Science and technology
Students gathering around 3D printed models at a construction expo in Phnom Penh. Photo by ARC Hub PNH, taken in December 2014. Used with permission from ARC Hub PNH.Cambodia has achieved considerable economic and social progress in the last few decades, but the country does ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/science-and-technology/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Air pollution
The smoke and stench blow into the air in Phnom Penh’s huge landfill. Photo by Alan Morgan, taken on 17 September 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Air pollution originates mainly from the burning of fuels such as petroleum, diesel and coal in the transport, household, ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/air-pollution/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Labor arbitration
Arbitration Council in session, Cambodia. Photo by ILO (Asia and the Pacific), took on 8 June 2012. Licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 GenericThe Arbitration Council was established by the 1997 Labor Law. However, the Arbitration Council just opened its doors to serve employers, employees, workers and ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/labor-arbitration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Law and Judiciary
National Assembly of Cambodia. Photo by Sorn Seang Heng, taken on 12 June 2010. Licensed under CC-BY 2.0.With a constitution written a little more than 20 years ago, the current rule of law in Cambodia is relatively new, and continues to be shaped by many ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/law-and-judiciary/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Non-governmental preparedness and response agencies
Cambodia has a large number of United Nations agencies, international and national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engaged in humanitarian, rehabilitation, and development initiatives as well as disaster risk reduction and disaster management.Under the Law on Disaster Management (2015), Article 32, if the National Committee for Disaster ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/non-governmental-preparedness-and-response-agencies/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Wild capture commercial fishing and natural fisheries
The fishes on Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia. Photo by llee Wu, taken on 10 September 2010. Licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0The 2006 Fisheries Law classifies fishing activity into three broad categories: family or subsistence, small-scale and commercial.Commercial fishing is allowed only in the open season ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/commercial-fishing-and-natural-fisheries/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Artisanal mining
Artisanal mining is small-scale mining that typically involves individuals, family groups or small communities, often working with limited technology. The mining may be seasonal, fitted around other work such as farming. There is a large overlap between this type of activity and gemstone mining. Artisanal ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/artisanal-mining/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Relevant ministries
The Ministry of Environment is the main authority mandated to oversee environmental issues, including protected areas, environmental impact assessments, and management of natural resources. ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/relevant-ministries/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Science and technology policy and administration
Cambodia has the ambition to transform and digitalize the government system and its economy. The overarching determination comes after the country’s ambitious economic goal of 2050, the readiness to keep up with the region’s science and technology development, and the global megatrend, the fourth industrial ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/science-and-technology-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Women in development
Dr. Tan Reasmey, researcher and lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology at the Institute of Technology of Cambodia. Photo taken from the USAID Asia on August 18, 2016. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Relevant national policy frameworksFrom the perspective of the government as ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/women-in-development/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Extractive industries policy and administration
Cambodia’s extractive industries have traditionally operated on a small scale, mostly mining construction materials, gold or gemstones. While commercial production of minerals or oil has yet to begin on a large scale – these products made up just 0.1% of the country’s exports in 2016500 – ref='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/extractive-industries-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
