Australian aid
Prime Minister of Australia, The Hon Anthony Albanese MP, and Prime Minister Hun Sen at Gala Dinner for ASEAN Heads of State/Government/Delegation and Spouses, dated 12 November 2022. Photo from Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia.Cambodia and Australia established their diplomatic ties href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/australian-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Land classifications
Land in Cambodia is divided into three classifications: private property, state private property and state public property. The distinction between state private property and state public property is essential to determining how state land is to be used. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land-classifications/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Foreign investors
Things you should know about Cambodia before investingCambodia has performed well on foreign direct investment (FDI) so far, three times better than predicted, which scored 3.6, becoming the top 25 in the world.27 The FDI reached an all-time high of 14.1% in 2012 and nearly href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/foreign-investors/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Swedish aid
Sweden’s Ambassador to Cambodia, His Excellency Björn Häggmark, shook hands with Prime Minister Hun Sen, dated 04 December 2019. Photo from Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Facebook page.Cambodia and Sweden established their diplomatic ties in 1961. Sweden started to provide the first development cooperation support in href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/swedish-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
State public land
State public land has a public interest value or provides a public service. The land is inalienable, although it can be leased for limited uses that do not alter or damage its public value. State public land should only be reclassified if the land no href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/state-public-land/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
European Union aid
The EU Ambassador to Cambodia, Carmen Moreno, shook hands with Prime Minister Hun Sen at Peace Palace on December 2, 2019. Photo from Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Facebook page.European Union (EU) has been one of Cambodia’s biggest trading partners and a major development partner since href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/european-union-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Solid waste
Trash collection in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Photo taken by David Villa, taken on 12 January 2008. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED.Solid waste is defined as “used things, materials, or products that remain or are generated from human daily activities and livelihood and do href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/solid-waste/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Concessions
A land concession is a grant of rights over an area of land for a specific purpose. In Cambodia land concessions can be granted for various purposes, including agribusiness, redistribution of land to the landless and land-poor, infrastructure development, mining and fishing. They have been href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/concessions/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Disasters
Storms, flooding and drought are the disasters that affect the largest number of people in Cambodia, and they also bring the highest cost. Climate change is likely to make things worse, with drier dry seasons predicted and more rainfall and violent storms in the wet href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/disasters/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Banking and financial services
According to the Annual supervision report 2020 by the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), the key bodies in the banking system consists of:51 commercial banks12 specialized banks75 microfinance non-deposit taking institutions6 microfinance deposit-taking institutions245 rural credit institutionsIn addition, there are financial leasing companies, third-party processors, href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/banking-and-financial-services/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Environmental and biodiversity protection
Cambodia is one of the most biodiverse countries in Southeast Asia. Biodiversity supports Cambodians ecologically, economically and culturally. It plays an important role in providing ecosystem services and economic development to achieve the Cambodian Millennium Development Goals including poverty reduction. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/environmental-and-biodiversity-protection/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Expropriation
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Land Law of 2001 both guarantee an individual’s right to property protection. Though part of the Government’s policy framework since 2002, not until 2010 did a legal framework exist to govern the process by which the href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/expropriation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
SMEs policy and regulation
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a major economic shock in Cambodia, having a spillover on Cambodian micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and small household farmers’ survival and business continuity.309 Digital technologies are crucial during the pandemic, in which the owners of SMEs should focus href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/smes-policy-and-regulation/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Marine and coastal areas
In terms of attractiveness, one of Cambodia’s assets is the relative absence of intense development along its coasts, in comparison with neighboring countries. The 440 kilometer-long coastline includes a large area of non-urbanized zones, where locals can make their livelihoods from coastal resources. Cambodia’s coastline href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/marine-and-coastal-areas/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Salt
Woman working in the salt fields in Kampot. Photo by douglasjonesjr, taken on 28 March 2014. Licensed under CC BY 2.0.Salt is produced in Kampot and Kep provinces, where seawater is allowed into salt evaporation ponds As the water evaporates, salt crystals are left behind href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/salt/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Water policy and administration
In Cambodia, alternate periods of drought and heavy rains bring challenges for water management. The current trends show increasing annual rainfall and temperature throughout Cambodia, with a likelihood that both flooding and droughts will increase in frequency, severity and duration423. Water management involves issues of href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/water-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Oil transport
Despite having both onshore and offshore oil discoveries in the country, Cambodia does not produce oil and has been importing petroleum products from Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. The Cambodia Trucking Association (CAMTA) says it controls around 70% of the Kingdom’s transportation. href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/oil-transport/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
National Bank of Cambodia
The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) was established through the Law on the organization and conduct of the National Bank of Cambodia in 1996.452 NBC is the nation’s central bank, whose mission is to determine and direct the monetary policy in order to maintain price href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/national-bank-of-cambodia/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Legal aid
Under Cambodia’s Constitution, all Khmer citizens have equal status before the law, regardless of wealth or station.488 This promotes a political principle called the rule of law,489 an ideal that all members of a society, both the people and the State, are held equally accountable href='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/legal-aid/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...