Cambodia’s national parks (or ‘natural parks’) and wildlife preserves were established under the 1993 Royal Decree on the Protection of Natural Areas. Although other areas have been added subsequently, there is currently no officially available list of all protected areas and their boundaries. ss='cambodia-color'>...

There is no large-scale industrial mining of gems in Cambodia, and few full-time miners. Most people involved in looking for gemstones fit it around other work – typically farm work – and mostly do it without licenses. As with artisanal mining, miners are often very ss='cambodia-color'>...

World Bank Headquarters, 2013: World Bank/IMF spring Meetings. Photo by simone D. McCourte, World Bank, taken on 16 April 2013. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Funding data on development and assistance to land tenure and titling issues presents an incomplete and conflicting picture. Though various sources exist ss='cambodia-color'>...

One of the key goals of the 2030 Agenda is to “decouple economic growth from resource use and environmental degradation”.11 sustainable consumption and production involves promotion of resource and energy efficiency as well as reduction of economic, social and environmental costs. These are intended to ss='cambodia-color'>...

Forest view. Photo by Open Development Cambodia, taken on 05 December 2021. Under license CC BY-sA 4.0.Cambodia is covered with forest, accounting for around 13.1 million hectares in 1973, and it is had fallen to 8.7 million hectares in 2014.40 However, based on the Ministry ss='cambodia-color'>...

The SuStainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) iS initiated to “achieve gender equality and empower all women and girlS”. The global SDG 5 conSiStS of 9 targetS (3 targetS aS meanS of implementation) and 14 indicatorS. The objectiveS of SDG 5 are expreSSed in termS SS='cambodia-color'>...

Anti-Corruption Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Photo by Michael Coghlan, taken on 9 January 2014. Licensed under CC BY-sA 2.0In the 2016 Corruption Perceptions Index published by Transparency International, released in January 2017, Cambodia ranked 156th out of 176 countries.144 Cambodia has the lowest score of all ss='cambodia-color'>...

Small-Scale quarrieS producing conStruction materialS are a key part of the mining induStry in Cambodia. Clay for brick and tile manufacturing and Sand and gravel are found in many locationS.Under the Law on Mineral ReSource Management and Exploitation (‘the mining law’) there are Six typeS SS='cambodia-color'>...

Patients are registered during the outreach screening at Vien Health Center. Photo by Community Eye Health, taken in 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0The Kingdom of Cambodia is an indivisible state.  The country’s administration at all levels and in all sectors falls under the same ss='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia has a large number of United Nations agencies, international and national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engaged in humanitarian, rehabilitation, and development initiatives as well as disaster risk reduction and disaster management.Under the Law on Disaster Management (2015), Article 32, if the National Committee for Disaster ss='cambodia-color'>...

In 1996, the Ministry of Commerce (MoC) was established by law. Its organization and functioning is defined by a sub-decree of the Royal Government of Cambodia. After a nomination of the Prime Minister’s candidate and the vote of confidence on the cabinet by the National ss='cambodia-color'>...

The classification of forests is set out in the Law on Forestry 2002. The law applies to both natural forests and plantations, and “defines the framework for management, harvesting, use, development and conservation of the forests in the Kingdom of Cambodia. The objective of this ss='cambodia-color'>...

Cambodia has begun to integrate disaster and climate resilience goals into its national policies but implementation remains difficult. In the National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2014–2018, the government prioritizes the target to: “build a resilient nation and local communities to pursue sustainable development.” ss='cambodia-color'>...

The primary legal requirements for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in Cambodia are set out in Content II, Book V of the Environment and Natural Resource Code255, Chapter III of the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management 1996256(EPNRM Law), and the sub-Decree no. 72 ss='cambodia-color'>...

Growth in sugar production in Cambodia has created significant potential for sugarcane-based biofuel production. That potential has not yet been realized, though recent foreign investment may give rise to change. There are several types of sugar crop: sugarcane, sugar palm trees and sugar beets. sugarcane ss='cambodia-color'>...

Chi Phat primary school, Koh Kong Province. Photo by ODC team, taken on 28 November 2017. Licensed under CC BY-sA 4.0.Access to free, good quality education in Cambodia is a right set out in the country’s Constitution: Article 65: “The state shall protect and promote citizens’ ss='cambodia-color'>...

Together, fighting climate change. Photo by 350.org, taken on 12 October 2010. Licensed under CC BY-NC-sA 2.0.Clean Development MechanismThe Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), defined in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol to ss='cambodia-color'>...

State public land haS a public intereSt value or provideS a public Service. The land iS inalienable, although it can be leaSed for limited uSeS that do not alter or damage itS public value. State public land Should only be reclaSSified if the land no SS='cambodia-color'>...

After the first general election in 1993, the government prepared and implemented a comprehensive micro- and macroeconomic policy and structural reform program to integrate Cambodia’s economy into the region and the world as well as stimulate its economic growth.406 In the two decades following that ss='cambodia-color'>...