Plants
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Plant_Fern-150x150.jpg)
Although there are often new discoveries,1 a global lack of up to date data on botanical research makes plants biodiversity hard to assess in Cambodia. Compared to neighboring countries, the number of plant species is low, mostly due to the relative country’s flat landscape.2 Botanical knowledge ...
Forest protection support
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/27282346100_d748d5e4f7_c-1-150x150.jpg)
Cambodia is struggling to safeguard its forests while preserving economic growth since many people make a living via farming, logging, and other activities that might lead to deforestation. Almost 80% of Cambodians living in rural regions rely on forests for survival. On the other hand, ...
Biodiversity
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Fern_Biodiv-150x150.jpg)
Biodiversity or Biological Resources: Various organisms in the same or different species and living organisms of all levels and sources, including land, marine and freshwater ecosystems, and the ecological relationships in which these ecosystems exist.63 Biodiversity is essential for most of the resources used by ...
SDG 8 Decent work and economic growth
![sdg8](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/SDG8-150x150.png)
SDG 8 – “Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all” – has 10 general targets and 2 means of implementation targets.104 There are 17 indicators. Some of these targets are more relevant for Cambodia than others. For ...
Social land concessions
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/8394332909_3645351b4a_k-150x150.jpg)
Social land concessions (SLCs) are intended to provide to the landless or land-poor land on which to establish residences and/or generate income through agriculture. The Cambodian Government that more than 30,000 households have received land as social land concessions. Despite its pro-poor intention, the SLC ...
Court monitoring
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Supreme-Council-of-Masgistracy_Cambodia_1-150x150.jpg)
Respect for strong values is the key to citizens’ trust in their courts.140 The international values recognized for judges are independence and impartiality, integrity, equality of treatment, diligence and competence. A judge cannot both decide a case and have a personal interest in its resolution. ...
Land tenure and land titling funding
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/LandImage44-150x150.jpg)
World Bank Headquarters, 2013: World Bank/IMF Spring Meetings. Photo by Simone D. McCourte, World Bank, taken on 16 April 2013. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Funding data on development and assistance to land tenure and titling issues presents an incomplete and conflicting picture. Though various sources exist ...
Law and Judiciary
![https://www.flickr.com/photos/seangheng/5197852569/](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Law-and-Judiciary-150x150.jpg)
National Assembly of Cambodia. Photo by Sorn Seang Heng, taken on 12 June 2010. Licensed under CC-BY 2.0.With a constitution written a little more than 20 years ago, the current rule of law in Cambodia is relatively new, and continues to be shaped by many ...
Environment and natural resources policy and administration
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/20180322_084643-150x150.jpg)
The 7th National Consultation Workshop on the Draft of the Environment and Natural Resource Code of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Photo by Open Development Cambodia, taken on 22 March 2018. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.With 76% of its people living in rural areas,234 Cambodia holds ...
Landmines UXO and demining
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/LandImage27-150x150.jpg)
Cambodia is one of the countries most affected by land mines and explosive remnants of war as a result of its tumultuous history. The country is working with a variety of partners to demine the country by 2019. ...
Concessions
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/5412008639_d5aef14696_o-150x150.jpg)
A land concession is a grant of rights over an area of land for a specific purpose. In Cambodia land concessions can be granted for various purposes, including agribusiness, redistribution of land to the landless and land-poor, infrastructure development, mining and fishing. They have been ...
Ethnic minorities and indigenous people
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/8917553637_d58dfa44c9_k-150x150.jpg)
According to the Kingdom of Cambodia’s 2019 general population census, the total Cambodian population is 15,552,211 (51.31% of females).266 By 2021, the population increased to 16,589,023.267 Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and other minorities also live in the country. Indigenous ethnic groups known as “Khmer Loeu” live ...
Protected forest
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/12716144895_47c9798eae_k-150x150.jpg)
Protected Forests are generally established under individual sub-decrees, specifically for the purpose of protecting biodiversity and conservation. They are home to many endangered or threatened species. ...
Land transfers
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/LandImage39-150x150.jpg)
Land transfers in Cambodia assume a variety of forms involving both public and private entities. The right to transfer property to another and to be protected from forced transfer is essential to land tenure security. Land transfer capacity is a source of value for landowners, ...
Marine and coastal areas
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Axel-Drainville_Sihanoukville_May92011_Licensed-by-CC-BY-NC-2.0_Flickr-150x150.jpg)
In terms of attractiveness, one of Cambodia’s assets is the relative absence of intense development along its coasts, in comparison with neighboring countries. The 440 kilometer-long coastline includes a large area of non-urbanized zones, where locals can make their livelihoods from coastal resources. Cambodia’s coastline ...
SDG 6 Clean water and sanitation
![SDG6_600x500](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/SDG6_600x500-150x150.png)
Sustainable Development Goal 6 has 8 targets and 11 indicators, which will be used to drive action towards achieving universal access to safely managed water and sanitation and appropriate management of water resources.342 SDG 6 recognizes that sustainably managing water goes beyond providing a safe water ...
Primary and secondary education
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/30057558356_2fbd6e15a9_o-150x150.jpg)
Article 68 of Cambodia’s Constitution states that the Government shall provide free primary and secondary education for all citizens and each individual shall pursue basic education for at least 9 years. Education is a fundamental engine of social and economic development for a country, especially ...
Development and assistance for poverty reduction and food security
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/12174040825_603fac0c4b_c-150x150.jpg)
USAID’s Harvest program is helping Cambodia’s farmers. Photo by USAID, taken on 09 December 2013. Under the license CC BY-ND 2.0.The country has achieved remarkable sustainable growth, however, poverty and food security remain the challenges. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has acknowledged that to ...
Banking and financial services
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Banking-and-finance-service-jpeg-150x150.jpg)
According to the Annual supervision report 2020 by the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), the key bodies in the banking system consists of:51 commercial banks12 specialized banks75 microfinance non-deposit taking institutions6 microfinance deposit-taking institutions245 rural credit institutionsIn addition, there are financial leasing companies, third-party processors, ...
Floods
![](https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Flooding-Mekong-River-Cambodia-2018-150x150.jpg)
In October 2020, tropical storms LINFA and NANGKA struck Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. The storms resulted in at least 48 fatalities, 15 missing people and more than 830,400 affected citizens, as reported by the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (the ...