Judiciary and courts
The judiciary is one of the three powers, together with the executive (the Government) and legislative (the National Assembly and the senate), that constitute the state. 1 Its role is to monitor the application of the law and punish its violation. This power is vested ...
Administration
Cambodia’s sub-national administration consists of three tiers: capital city/province, municipality/district and sangkat/commune. Phnom Penh is the capital, and there are 24 provinces, 159 districts (including 26 municipalities and 12 khans), 1406 communes and 227 sangkats. ...
Energy policy and administration
Electricite du Cambodge (EdC). Photo by bmeabroad, taken on 10 November 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Low electrification rates and over-dependence on fossil fuel imports have contributed to Cambodia ranking 120 out of 124 nations in the new World Economic Forum’s Global Energy Architecture Performance Index ...
Ground water
Cambodia relies heavily on its groundwater resources to overcome water shortages during the dry season. More than half of the population depends on it when enough surface water is not available. At a certain depth, the ground is saturated with water, and the upper surface ...
Agricultural production
Rice field in Cambodia’s countryside. Photo by fmpgoh, taken on 15 July 2009. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0The main products from the agriculture sector are rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews and cassava. Unprocessed agricultural exports were projected to be more than 90 percent of total agricultural ...
Ministry of Commerce
In 1996, the Ministry of Commerce (MoC) was established by law. Its organization and functioning is defined by a sub-decree of the Royal Government of Cambodia. After a nomination of the Prime Minister’s candidate and the vote of confidence on the cabinet by the National ...
Marine and coastal areas
In terms of attractiveness, one of Cambodia’s assets is the relative absence of intense development along its coasts, in comparison with neighboring countries. The 440 kilometer-long coastline includes a large area of non-urbanized zones, where locals can make their livelihoods from coastal resources. Cambodia’s coastline ...
Rivers and lakes
Tonle Sap lake reflections. Photo from Mariusz Kluzniak. Uploaded on 1 January 2012. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Despite severe droughts striking the country frequently, Cambodia possesses substantial water resources, mostly contained in the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap great lake and river. The lake ...
Provincial and local governments
Patients are registered during the outreach screening at Vien Health Center. Photo by Community Eye Health, taken in 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0The Kingdom of Cambodia is an indivisible state. The country’s administration at all levels and in all sectors falls under the same ...
Community fisheries
Community fishery refuges, Battambang, Cambodia. Photo by Alan Brooks/WorldFish, taken on 2 November 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.Fishing practices in Cambodia are classified into three broad categories: small-scale or family fishing, medium-scale and large-scale or commercial fishing.In 2001, aware of the need to safeguard ...
Renewable energy production
Renewable sources of energy include biofuels, solar, wind, tidal and geothermal energy. Fossil fuels such as petroleum or coal are not renewable. ...
Disaster preparedness and emergency response policy and administration
In the World Risk Index for 2020, Cambodia was ranked as the 16th most vulnerable country in the world out of 181 countries listed.258 Global climate changes and ongoing disasters such as storms, floods and droughts are big challenges partly because of a lack of ...
Health care policy and administration
A quality and effective healthcare system that provides equal access to services is critical to ensure the well-being of any population. Both developed and developing countries strive to bring improvements to their healthcare systems. Cambodia, in particular, has undergone significant transformations in terms of healthcare ...
Disasters and emergency response
Cambodia flood, 2011. Photo by European Commission, taken on 11 October 2011. Licensed under CC BY 2.0Storms, flooding and lightning strikes are the major causes of death and property damage from natural disasters in Cambodia, while drought causes severe hardship, especially for farmers. In a ...
Ethnic minorities and indigenous people
According to the Kingdom of Cambodia’s 2019 general population census, the total Cambodian population is 15,552,211 (51.31% of females).394 By 2021, the population increased to 16,589,023.395 Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and other minorities also live in the country. Indigenous ethnic groups known as “Khmer Loeu” live ...
Education and training
Chi Phat primary school, Koh Kong Province. Photo by ODC team, taken on 28 November 2017. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.Access to free, good quality education in Cambodia is a right set out in the country’s Constitution: Article 65: “The State shall protect and promote citizens’ ...
SDG 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure
SDG 9 focuses on the development of sustainable and resilient infrastructure and industries, including small-scale enterprises. It encourages scientific research and the upgrade of the technological capabilities of industries. Access to information and communications technology and affordable Internet access are included. The goal has 5 ...
Biodiversity
Biodiversity or Biological Resources: Various organisms in the same or different species and living organisms of all levels and sources, including land, marine and freshwater ecosystems, and the ecological relationships in which these ecosystems exist.555 Biodiversity is essential for most of the resources used by ...
Solid waste
Trash collection in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Photo taken by David Villa, taken on 12 January 2008. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 DEED.Solid waste is defined as “used things, materials, or products that remain or are generated from human daily activities and livelihood and do ...
Landmines UXO and demining
Cambodia is one of the countries most affected by land mines and explosive remnants of war as a result of its tumultuous history. The country is working with a variety of partners to demine the country by 2019. ...
