The smoke and stench blow into the air in Phnom Penh’s huge landfill. Photo by Alan Morgan, taken on 17 September 2011. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Air pollution originates mainly from the burning of fuels such as petroleum, diesel and coal in the transport, household, ...

The law-making process is about making and enacting new laws or revising existing laws.In the Kingdom of Cambodia, three institutions can initiate the law-making process: any member of the National Assembly, any member of the Senate and the prime minister. 20 Most of the texts ...

Although there are often new discoveries,40 a global lack of up to date data on botanical research makes plants biodiversity hard to assess in Cambodia. Compared to neighboring countries, the number of plant species is low, mostly due to the relative country’s flat landscape.41 Botanical knowledge ...

The mining sector in Cambodia is mostly undeveloped, and active mining enterprises are typically small-scale quarries producing materials for construction, such as laterite, marble, granite, limestone, gravel and sand. There is no industrial-scale extraction of minerals, although many exploration licenses have been granted to ...

The United Nations has declared 9 August to be International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. Every year, events and activities around the world celebrate indigenous peoples (IPs), their cultures, beliefs and traditions. It is also a day to reflect and raise awareness about the ...

Patients are registered during the outreach screening at Vien Health Center. Photo by Community Eye Health, taken in 2006. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0The Kingdom of Cambodia is an indivisible state.  The country’s administration at all levels and in all sectors falls under the same ...

On 5, 6, 8, and 9 April 2021, Open Development Cambodia (ODC) has successfully conducted a four-day training unDer the theme “Data Literacy for Public Health”. This is their second training unDer this theme. The event was hosted by ODC team and conducted virtually via ...

In 2020, COVID-19 severely impacted both the global and Cambodia economies. The banking system in Cambodia is also affected but at a moderate and manageable level.70 The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), Cambodia Microfinance Association, and other relevant institutions pointed out the rate of the ...

Under Cambodia’s Constitution, all Khmer citizens have equal status before the law, regardless of wealth or station.92 This promotes a political principle called the rule of law,93 an ideal that all members of a society, both the people and the State, are held equally accountable ...

In Cambodia, petroleum is traditionally the main source of energy for transportation. The petroleum fuels used for transportation include gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel and fuel oil. ...

According to the Annual supervision report 2020 by the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC), the key bodies in the banking system consists of:51 commercial banks12 specialized banks75 microfinance non-deposit taking institutions6 microfinance deposit-taking institutions245 rural credit institutionsIn addition, there are financial leasing companies, third-party processors, ...

Trash collection in Siem Reap province, Cambodia. Photo taken by David Villa, taken on 12 January 2008. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 deED.Solid waste is defined as “used things, materials, or products that remain or are generated from human daily activities and livelihood and do ...

Social land concessions (SLCs) are intended to provide to the landless or land-poor land on which to establish residences and/or generate income through agriculture. The Cambodian Government that more than 30,000 households have received land as social land concessions. despite its pro-poor intention, the SLC ...

The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) was established through the Law on the organization and conduct of the National Bank of Cambodia in 1996.316 NBC is the nation’s central bank, whose mission is to determine and direct the monetary policy in order to maintain price ...

Defining and measuring forests is not an easy business. Definitions that initially sound very similar can turn out to have crucial differences. UnDerstanding the terms is important for unDerstanding forest use, forest cover, forest laws and policies and Deforestation. ...

Access to quality healthcare is fundamental to enhancing citizens’ livelihoods and advancing towards more sustainable growth and development in countries all over the world. Along with increasing public demand for better health infrastructure and adequate access to healthcare services, many countries face the need to ...

The rights to freedom of association are protected under Cambodia’s laws. Article 36 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia provides that ‘Khmer citizens of both sexes shall have the rights to create unions and participate as its members’. Thus, under the 1997 Labor ...

Biodiversity​ or​ Biological​ Resources:​ Various​ organisms​ in​ the​ same​ or​ different​ species​ and​ living​ organisms​ of​ all​ levels​ and​ sources,​ including​ land,​ marine​ and​ freshwater​ ecosystems,​ and​ the​ ecological​ relationships​ in​ which​ these​ ecosystems​ exist.​384​​ Biodiversity is essential for most of the resources used by ...

Though there are multiple forms of communal property, the rights associated with indigenous communal property are subject to significant legal and socio-economic issues. Indigenous communities are culturally very different from the rest of Cambodia, and the law provides them with the opportunity to obtain collective ...

Non-renewable energy sources are chiefly fossil fuels such as coal, diesel, oil and gas. They provide most of Cambodia’s locally-produced electrical supply – in 2011 diesel and heavy fuel oil generators provided 89% of local electricity generation. ...