Marine and coastal areas
In terms of attractiveness, one of Cambodia’s assets is the relative absence of intense development along its coasts, in comparison with neighboring countries. The 440 kilometer-long coastline includes a large area of non-urbanized zones, where locals can make their livelihoods from coastal resources. Cambodia’s coastline ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/marine-and-coastal-areas/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Protected forest
Protected Forests are generally established under individual sub-decrees, specifically for the purpose of protecting biodiversity and conservation. They are home to many endangered or threatened species. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/protected-forest/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Agricultural production
Rice field in Cambodia’s countryside. Photo by fmpgoh, taken on 15 July 2009. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0The main products from the agriculture sector are rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews and cassava. Unprocessed agricultural exports were projected to be more than 90 percent of total agricultural ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/agricultural-production/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Water pollution
Young child drinks clean water in Cambodia. Photo by Cecilia Snyder, taken on 12 July 2003. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0Water pollution can be defined in many different ways. Basically, it is the contamination of water when pollutants are discharged into water bodies without treatment ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/water-pollution/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
SDG 13 Climate action
SDG 13 is aimed at taking urgent action to combat climate change impacts by developing the capacity of each country to mitigate climate risks and work towards adaptation. Least developed nations, landlocked countries and small island states are recognised as especially in need of support ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/sdg13-climate-action/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Ministry of Economy and Finance
National Bank of Cambodia, Cambodia. Photo by Stephen McGrath, taken on 21 June 2010. Licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 In 1996, the Ministry of economy and Finance (MeF) was established by law.190 Its organization and functioning is defined by a sub-decree of the Royal Government ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/ministry-of-economy-and-finance/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Landmines UXO and demining
Cambodia is one of the countries most affected by land mines and explosive remnants of war as a result of its tumultuous history. The country is working with a variety of partners to demine the country by 2019. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/landmines-uxo-and-demining/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Extractive industries
ExtractivE industriEs includE mining and minEral sEctors, natural gas and oil Exploration, pEtrolEum rEfinEriEs, and quarrying for construction rEsourcEs such as sand, stonE, and gravEl. Cambodia’s ExtractivE rEsourcEs havE gonE largEly untappEd, whilE thEsE rEsourcEs arE gEographically idEntifiablE. FrEnch and ChinEsE gEologists havE bEEn indicatEd Ef='https://opEndEvElopmEntcambodia.nEt/topics/ExtractivE-industriEs/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Energy policy and administration
ElEctricitE du CambodgE (EdC). Photo by bmEabroad, takEn on 10 NovEmbEr 2011. LicEnsEd undEr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.Low ElEctrification ratEs and ovEr-dEpEndEncE on fossil fuEl imports havE contributEd to Cambodia ranking 120 out of 124 nations in thE nEw World Economic Forum’s Global EnErgy ArchitEcturE PErformancE IndEx Ef='https://opEndEvElopmEntcambodia.nEt/topics/EnErgy-policy-and-administration/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Law making process
The law-making process is about making and enacting new laws or revising existing laws.In the Kingdom of Cambodia, three institutions can initiate the law-making process: any member of the National Assembly, any member of the Senate and the prime minister. 294 Most of the texts ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/law-making-process/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Renewable energy production
Renewable sources of energy include biofuels, solar, wind, tidal and geothermal energy. Fossil fuels such as petroleum or coal are not renewable. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/renewable-energy-production/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Disaster and emergency response funding
Cambodia has begun to integrate disaster and climate resilience goals into its national policies but implementation remains difficult. In the National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2014–2018, the government prioritizes the target to: “build a resilient nation and local communities to pursue sustainable development.” ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/disaster-and-emergency-response-funding/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Ministry of Commerce
In 1996, the Ministry of Commerce (MoC) was established by law. Its organization and functioning is defined by a sub-decree of the Royal Government of Cambodia. After a nomination of the Prime Minister’s candidate and the vote of confidence on the cabinet by the National ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/ministry-of-commerce/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Land classifications
Land in Cambodia is divided into three classifications: private property, state private property and state public property. The distinction between state private property and state public property is essential to determining how state land is to be used. ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land-classifications/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Disasters and emergency response
Cambodia flood, 2011. Photo by EuropEan Commission, takEn on 11 OctobEr 2011. LicEnsEd undEr CC BY 2.0Storms, flooding and lightning strikEs arE thE major causEs of dEath and propErty damagE from natural disastErs in Cambodia, whilE drought causEs sEvErE hardship, EspEcially for farmErs. In a Ef='https://opEndEvElopmEntcambodia.nEt/topics/disastErs-and-EmErgEncy-rEsponsE/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Private non-profit development assistance
Maina Kiai speaking with journalists outside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Phnom Penh. Photo by Maina Kiai, taken on 6 February 2014. Licensed under CC BY 2.0The first humanitarian international non-governmental organizations arrived in 1989. After the 1993 election, more and more internal organizations ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/private-non-profit-development-assistance/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Plants
Although there are often new discoveries,440 a global lack of up to date data on botanical research makes plants biodiversity hard to assess in Cambodia. Compared to neighboring countries, the number of plant species is low, mostly due to the relative country’s flat landscape.441 Botanical knowledge ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/plants/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Land sales and trades
The legal framework surrounding land sales and transfers was obliterated by the 2007 Civil Code, leaving little legal guidance. Forced land sales and distress sales are a substantial cause of land tenure insecurity in Cambodia. They are a significant cause of landlessness, and it is ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/land-sales-and-trades/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
Education and training
Chi Phat primary school, Koh Kong Province. Photo by ODC team, taken on 28 November 2017. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.Access to free, good quality education in Cambodia is a right set out in the country’s Constitution: Article 65: “The State shall protect and promote citizens’ ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/education-and-training/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...
International relations
Cambodia has strong diplomatic links with many countries. Its warmest relationship with a superpower is with the People's Republic of China. The most important economic ties are with China, the United States of America, Thailand and Vietnam. Cambodia is a member of the UN, ASeAN, ef='https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/international-relations/ ' class='cambodia-color'>...